Contents

Time
Measurement Time Scales
Universal Time, International Atomic Time, Synchronization, Coordinated Universal time

Digital Clock Accuracy and Synchronization
General Purpose Units, Precision Units

Time Base Standards in Clocks
Accuracy and Stability, Cesium Beam Standards, Hydrogen Masers, Rubidium Standards, Quartz Oscillators

Sources of Error
Frequency Offset and Oscillator Aging, NIST, Loran C, GOES, GPS

Time Code Formats

Frequency
Specifications
Universal Time, International Atomic Time, Synchronization, Coordinated Universal time

Offset
Phase Comparison, Phase Deviation, Measurement Period, 10:1 DUR, Sample Graphs

Stability
Short-term, Long-term, Frequency Domain, Time Domain, Standard Deviation, Allan Variance, Sample Graphs, Flicker Floor

Frequency Standards
Operating Principles of; Quartz, Atomic, Rubidium, Cesium, Hydrogen Masers

Transfer Standards
WWVB, Groundwave; Loran-C, GPS, Receiving Equipment-Pseudo-random noise, Course acquisition code, Precision code GPS

Performance
GPS Calibration Methods: Frequency counter, Time interval method

Pre-Test, Post-Test, Embedded Questions, Certificate of Completion